Hold 'em poker (also known as Texas Hold 'em) is currently the world's most popular poker game. There are three types of Hold 'em games:
- Limit Hold'em (specific betting limits are applied to each round of betting
- Pot Limit Hold'emafter the blinds are posted, players can wager any amount up to the total amount of money in the pot
- No Limit Hold'em after the blinds are posted, players can bet all of their chips at any time
All of the betting scenarios given as examples below are specifically applicable to Limit Hold 'em poker. The other two versions of Hold'em have different betting patterns.
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The Game:
- World Series of Poker (WSOP), European Poker Tour (EPT) and World Poker Tour (WPT) are just a few examples of events where the Main Event is a No Limit Texas Hold'em tournament. The growth of Texas Hold'em. The origins of Texas Hold'em are unknown. Robstown, Texas claims to be the birthplace of Texas but has not been able to prove it.
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First round
Play begins with the person sitting in first position at the table becoming the dealer (or 'button'). The dealer button moves clockwise around the table after the culmination of each hand of play. The player immediately on the left of the button must post the small blind, while the player on the left of the small blind must post the big blind. The small blind is equal to half of the table's minimum bet, while the big blind is equal to the minimum bet. For example, at a $1/$2 Hold 'em table, the small blind would post 50 cents and the big blind would post $1.
Sometimes, more than one player will post a big blind in a given hand. This would occur if a new player joins a table at which a game is already underway. Before a new player is allowed to start playing, he/she has to post the big blind. The new player has the option of waiting for the dealer button to arrive at his/her position, in order to place the big blind in turn, or of posting the big blind (out of turn) at the start of the next hand for the immediate ability to play. All the blinds in Hold 'em poker are considered live bets and the players who posted them will also have the option to check, call, raise or fold when the betting action returns to their position at the table.
After the blinds have been posted, two down cards (or 'hole' cards) are dealt to each active player, after which the first betting round begins. The player to the left of the big blind starts the betting for this round. Each player will now have the choice to call or raise the blind bet, or fold his/her cards.
In a $1/$2 Limit Hold 'em game, for example, each bet is $1 (the lower limit) in the first round. If someone wishes to bet, the bet placed is for $1, no higher or lower. If another player wishes to raise the bet, $2 are placed in the pot, $1 to call and an extra bet of $1 (no more and no less) as the raise.
Players who wish to continue participating in a given hand must match any bets that come their way. Betting will continue until all people who wish to participate in the hand have checked, bet, or called. Typically three or four bets/raises are allowed per betting round in Limit Hold 'em.
After the first round of betting is over, the 'flop' (the first three community cards) is dealt face up on the playing surface. The community cards are common to all players participating in the hand.
Second Round
After the flop, and in each subsequent betting round, the first active player left of the button is first to act. In Limit Hold 'em, the betting structure for the second round is exactly the same as in the first round.
After the second round of betting is over, the fourth community card (also known as the 'turn') is dealt out on to the board face up.
Third Round
The third betting round again begins with the first active player to the left of the button. In $1/$2 Limit Hold 'em, the third betting round's bets are $2 (the upper limit). If someone wishes to bet, he/she must bet $2, no more and no less. Each raise must also be made in $2 increments. For example, if someone bets in the third round and an opponent wishes to raise, he/she must place a total of $4 in the pot in order to do so.
At the end of the third round of betting, the fifth community card (also known as the 'river') is dealt out on to the board face up.
Fourth Round
The fourth (and final) betting round now takes place. In Limit Hold 'em, the betting structure for the fourth round is exactly the same as in the third round.
After the betting is completed, players reveal their hole cards in a 'showdown' and the one with highest hand wins the pot.
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The Showdown
After the final round of betting, in order to determine a pot's winner, players need to ascertain who the highest hand belongs to. They do so in a 'showdown.' If players choose, they may concede the hand to the winner and 'muck' (not reveal) their hole cards, so as not to indicate to their opponents what their strategies were (or if they were bluffing). A winning hand can be made up of any combination of a player's hole cards and the board's community cards. If a player 'plays the board,' he/she uses all five openly displayed cards and can hope for a share of the pot at best.
If two or more hands are of the same ranking and tie for the win, the pot is split as evenly as possible among the winners. Online, if there is an odd chip, the winning player closest to the left of the button/dealer will receive it. In live poker games, an odd chip is traditionally left in the pot for all players to compete for in the following hand.
*In No-Limit and Pot-Limit Hold 'em there are some minor differences to the rules listed above as far as betting goes. They are listed below.
Betting Rules for Pot-Limit Hold'em
Minimum raise: The amount of a raise must be at least as much as the previous bet or raise in the same round. For example, if the first player to act bets $100, raisers must raise at least another $100 (for a total bet of $200), unless they don't have enough chips to do so, in which case they are ruled to be 'all-in.'
Maximum raise: The total amount of the pot. The size of the pot is defined as the amount the active player must first call before raising plus all active bets on the table. For example, if $5 is currently in the pot and a player has bet $1, the next active player may raise up to $6. If he/she does so, then the next active player may raise up to $12. If someone has gone 'all-in,' the main pot is considered dead with regard to the total pot size, which is then only determined by the size of the side pot.
Betting Rules for No-Limit Hold'em
Minimum raise:The amount of the raise must be at least as much as the previous bet or raise in the same round. For example, if the first player to act bets $100, raisers must raise at least another $100 (for a total bet of $200), unless they don't have enough chips to do so, in which case they are ruled to be 'all-in.'
Maximum raise: A player's entire stack (amount of chips on the table).
Back to Poker Games
Texas Hold'em is a poker variant where two cards are dealt face down to each player, followed by 3 + 1 +1 community card dealt face up by the dealer. The term 'hold'em' is used for various types of poker played with community cards, such as Texas Hold'em, Omaha Hold'em and Royal Hold'em.
Texas Hold'em is one of the most popular forms of poker. Although originally invented as a cash game, it is used in poker tournaments as well and the Main Event of major poker events is nearly always a No Limit Texas Hold'em tournament. World Series of Poker (WSOP), European Poker Tour (EPT) and World Poker Tour (WPT) are just a few examples of events where the Main Event is a No Limit Texas Hold'em tournament.
The growth of Texas Hold'em
The origins of Texas Hold'em are unknown. Robstown, Texas claims to be the birthplace of Texas but has not been able to prove it. According to Robstown officials, the game was invented in Robstown in the early 1900's.
Texas Hold'em spread throughout Texas during the first half of the 20th century and eventually made its way to Las Vegas in 1967. It was a group of professional card players (including Doyle Brunson, Amarillo Slim and Crandell Addington) that brought Texas Hold'em to Las Vegas and managed to give it a foothold in the city of gambling.
According to Crandell Addington, his first encounter with the game took place in 1959. Back then, it wasn't called Texas Hold'em – it was simply known as hold'em poker. 'I thought then that if it were to catch on, it would become the game. Draw poker, you bet only twice; hold 'em, you bet four times. That meant you could play strategically. This was more of a thinking man's game,' Addington explained in an interview.
Texas Hold'em in Las Vegas
Simply arriving to Las Vegas wasn't enough to make Texas Hold'em popular. For several years, the game was only offered by the Golden Nugget Casino in Downtown Las Vegas. Back then, poker variants such as Seven Card Stud dominated the scene.
In 1969, Dunes Casino on the Las Vegas Strip invited professional poker players to play Texas Hold'em at the entrance of the Dune. This was a much more prominent location than the rough card room of downtown's Golden Nugget and served to introduce Texas Hold'em to a more upscale clientele.
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Tournament Texas Hold'em
In 1969, Tom Moore arranged poker tournaments at the Second Annual Gambling Fraternity Convention and some of these tournaments were Texas Hold'em tournaments. The following year, Benny and Jack Binion acquired the rights to the convention, renamed in World Series of Poker (WSOP) and moved it to Binion's Horseshoe. This was the birth of what is now the most famous poker event in the world.
Texas Hold'em in California
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The spread of Texas Hold'em into California was hampered by a law against a poker game called Stud Horse. Even though Stud Horse is not the same game as Texas Hold'em, most California card rooms took the safe route and stuck to Draw Poker. This changed in 1988, when Texas Hold'em was declared legally distinct from Stud Horse in Tibbetts v. Van De Kamp. The ruling of the court was eagerly anticipated by card room owners and managers and within short you could play Texas Hold'em in card rooms across the state.
The advent of the hole card camera
Texas Hold'em tournaments has been shown on TV since the late 1970s, but they didn't really become popular until the early 2000s. A great deal of the recent success and growth of Texas Hold'em as a spectator sport can be attributed to the so called 'hole card camera'. (The hole cards are the two face-down cards given to each player in Texas Hold'em.)
1999 marked the year when hidden lipstick cameras were first used to show player's hole cards on the show Late Night Poker in the United Kingdom. A few months later, ESPN used similar cameras during 2003 World Series of Poker.
After the blinds have been posted, two down cards (or 'hole' cards) are dealt to each active player, after which the first betting round begins. The player to the left of the big blind starts the betting for this round. Each player will now have the choice to call or raise the blind bet, or fold his/her cards.
In a $1/$2 Limit Hold 'em game, for example, each bet is $1 (the lower limit) in the first round. If someone wishes to bet, the bet placed is for $1, no higher or lower. If another player wishes to raise the bet, $2 are placed in the pot, $1 to call and an extra bet of $1 (no more and no less) as the raise.
Players who wish to continue participating in a given hand must match any bets that come their way. Betting will continue until all people who wish to participate in the hand have checked, bet, or called. Typically three or four bets/raises are allowed per betting round in Limit Hold 'em.
After the first round of betting is over, the 'flop' (the first three community cards) is dealt face up on the playing surface. The community cards are common to all players participating in the hand.
Second Round
After the flop, and in each subsequent betting round, the first active player left of the button is first to act. In Limit Hold 'em, the betting structure for the second round is exactly the same as in the first round.
After the second round of betting is over, the fourth community card (also known as the 'turn') is dealt out on to the board face up.
Third Round
The third betting round again begins with the first active player to the left of the button. In $1/$2 Limit Hold 'em, the third betting round's bets are $2 (the upper limit). If someone wishes to bet, he/she must bet $2, no more and no less. Each raise must also be made in $2 increments. For example, if someone bets in the third round and an opponent wishes to raise, he/she must place a total of $4 in the pot in order to do so.
At the end of the third round of betting, the fifth community card (also known as the 'river') is dealt out on to the board face up.
Fourth Round
The fourth (and final) betting round now takes place. In Limit Hold 'em, the betting structure for the fourth round is exactly the same as in the third round.
After the betting is completed, players reveal their hole cards in a 'showdown' and the one with highest hand wins the pot.
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The Showdown
After the final round of betting, in order to determine a pot's winner, players need to ascertain who the highest hand belongs to. They do so in a 'showdown.' If players choose, they may concede the hand to the winner and 'muck' (not reveal) their hole cards, so as not to indicate to their opponents what their strategies were (or if they were bluffing). A winning hand can be made up of any combination of a player's hole cards and the board's community cards. If a player 'plays the board,' he/she uses all five openly displayed cards and can hope for a share of the pot at best.
If two or more hands are of the same ranking and tie for the win, the pot is split as evenly as possible among the winners. Online, if there is an odd chip, the winning player closest to the left of the button/dealer will receive it. In live poker games, an odd chip is traditionally left in the pot for all players to compete for in the following hand.
*In No-Limit and Pot-Limit Hold 'em there are some minor differences to the rules listed above as far as betting goes. They are listed below.
Betting Rules for Pot-Limit Hold'em
Minimum raise: The amount of a raise must be at least as much as the previous bet or raise in the same round. For example, if the first player to act bets $100, raisers must raise at least another $100 (for a total bet of $200), unless they don't have enough chips to do so, in which case they are ruled to be 'all-in.'
Maximum raise: The total amount of the pot. The size of the pot is defined as the amount the active player must first call before raising plus all active bets on the table. For example, if $5 is currently in the pot and a player has bet $1, the next active player may raise up to $6. If he/she does so, then the next active player may raise up to $12. If someone has gone 'all-in,' the main pot is considered dead with regard to the total pot size, which is then only determined by the size of the side pot.
Betting Rules for No-Limit Hold'em
Minimum raise:The amount of the raise must be at least as much as the previous bet or raise in the same round. For example, if the first player to act bets $100, raisers must raise at least another $100 (for a total bet of $200), unless they don't have enough chips to do so, in which case they are ruled to be 'all-in.'
Maximum raise: A player's entire stack (amount of chips on the table).
Back to Poker Games
Texas Hold'em is a poker variant where two cards are dealt face down to each player, followed by 3 + 1 +1 community card dealt face up by the dealer. The term 'hold'em' is used for various types of poker played with community cards, such as Texas Hold'em, Omaha Hold'em and Royal Hold'em.
Texas Hold'em is one of the most popular forms of poker. Although originally invented as a cash game, it is used in poker tournaments as well and the Main Event of major poker events is nearly always a No Limit Texas Hold'em tournament. World Series of Poker (WSOP), European Poker Tour (EPT) and World Poker Tour (WPT) are just a few examples of events where the Main Event is a No Limit Texas Hold'em tournament.
The growth of Texas Hold'em
The origins of Texas Hold'em are unknown. Robstown, Texas claims to be the birthplace of Texas but has not been able to prove it. According to Robstown officials, the game was invented in Robstown in the early 1900's.
Texas Hold'em spread throughout Texas during the first half of the 20th century and eventually made its way to Las Vegas in 1967. It was a group of professional card players (including Doyle Brunson, Amarillo Slim and Crandell Addington) that brought Texas Hold'em to Las Vegas and managed to give it a foothold in the city of gambling.
According to Crandell Addington, his first encounter with the game took place in 1959. Back then, it wasn't called Texas Hold'em – it was simply known as hold'em poker. 'I thought then that if it were to catch on, it would become the game. Draw poker, you bet only twice; hold 'em, you bet four times. That meant you could play strategically. This was more of a thinking man's game,' Addington explained in an interview.
Texas Hold'em in Las Vegas
Simply arriving to Las Vegas wasn't enough to make Texas Hold'em popular. For several years, the game was only offered by the Golden Nugget Casino in Downtown Las Vegas. Back then, poker variants such as Seven Card Stud dominated the scene.
In 1969, Dunes Casino on the Las Vegas Strip invited professional poker players to play Texas Hold'em at the entrance of the Dune. This was a much more prominent location than the rough card room of downtown's Golden Nugget and served to introduce Texas Hold'em to a more upscale clientele.
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Tournament Texas Hold'em
In 1969, Tom Moore arranged poker tournaments at the Second Annual Gambling Fraternity Convention and some of these tournaments were Texas Hold'em tournaments. The following year, Benny and Jack Binion acquired the rights to the convention, renamed in World Series of Poker (WSOP) and moved it to Binion's Horseshoe. This was the birth of what is now the most famous poker event in the world.
Texas Hold'em in California
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The spread of Texas Hold'em into California was hampered by a law against a poker game called Stud Horse. Even though Stud Horse is not the same game as Texas Hold'em, most California card rooms took the safe route and stuck to Draw Poker. This changed in 1988, when Texas Hold'em was declared legally distinct from Stud Horse in Tibbetts v. Van De Kamp. The ruling of the court was eagerly anticipated by card room owners and managers and within short you could play Texas Hold'em in card rooms across the state.
The advent of the hole card camera
Texas Hold'em tournaments has been shown on TV since the late 1970s, but they didn't really become popular until the early 2000s. A great deal of the recent success and growth of Texas Hold'em as a spectator sport can be attributed to the so called 'hole card camera'. (The hole cards are the two face-down cards given to each player in Texas Hold'em.)
1999 marked the year when hidden lipstick cameras were first used to show player's hole cards on the show Late Night Poker in the United Kingdom. A few months later, ESPN used similar cameras during 2003 World Series of Poker.
The hole card camera made poker much more fun to watch and poker's popularity as a spectator sport exploded during the next few years.
Texas Hold'em in popular culture
This is just a few examples of Texas Hold'em in popular culture:
- No Limit Texas Hold'em was the game of choice in the 1998 poker movie Rounders, starring Matt Damon and Edward Norton. The movie even included a clip of the classic 1998 WSOP Main Event showdown between Erik Seidel and Johnny Chan.
- In Ian Flemming's novel Casino Royale, a game of baccarat is integral to the plot. However, in the Casino Royale movie of 2006, baccarat was replaced by Texas Hold'em.
- Shark Out of Water (2008) is a critically acclaimed short film where two poker-obsessed young men must come to terms with their addiction. Both Brad Booth and Phil Hellmuth appears in the movie.
Online Texas Hold'em Poker
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